Secrets of quantum physics.....

quantum entanglement and that dna stories found on internet space cadet sites are 2 different things. hth

Those ridiculing Injera's account about DNA reaction at a distance should read up on quantum entanglement.

What you are saying is that these DNA cells are entangled with the DNA cells of the subject’s body in another room (or another city perhaps) such that they exhibit behaviour as if they were still in place in the body.

My understanding of entanglement is this:

Until very recently to entangle a pair of photons or electrons for a whole second was very difficult. What’s more, particles have to be practically isolated from the environment they are in to maintain that entanglement. Other particles and fields in the environment disturb the particles and they decohere – their superposition of states is lost and as they are described by one and the same wave function, they become two separate particles with no connection to one another and the wave function is said to collapse. In effect, they are now two separate objects in the real physical world.

That’s just a simple particle pair. A sample of DNA from someone’s cheek must be hideously complicated, perhaps billions of atoms are involved. The reason we never see entangled classical objects in the real world is because they all too easily decohere. So, no twin versions of the same object. Incidentally, it is the same reason why ‘the cat’ is either dead or alive, not dead and alive at the same time. Admittedly some cheek DNA isn’t as massive as cat, but it is still very big as far as quantum mechanics goes.

Not trying to be a smart arse here, but what’s being claimed (apparently) is you can swab someone’s cheek, walk in the room next door. Or, get in your car and drive the DNA to somewhere far away. And in all this time, with all the countless particles in the environment, the heat – none of these things disturb this highly delicate quantum state? If it were that simple everything would be entangled all the time and life would be utter chaos.

I’m sorry, but to me it really does sound like ‘woo’. Let's see what the original study said, not what a pop science writer turned it into.

you wont find the original 'study' (nap)

....maybe the same kind of thing as when Emoto put forward the water molecules react to human emotion theory.....

....sold a lot of books though.

Quantum Entanglement applies to subatomic particles, DNA is made of atoms and is massive compared to Quantum Physics. I think someone has tried to tie the 2 in a story and maybe confused you Inerja. Not everything you read on t'internet is true

I can get my head around Relativity but Quantum Physics is a total alien ball game. We just seem to peel back layers to find even more layers, there may be a limit to how far we can look and will never find the true answer. Still every time we peel back a layer we discover new properties that will have some unforseen benefit in the future.

Fascinating subject however.

http://www.hearttoheartassociates.com/co_create-power.htm

Hope this helps regarding the study I mentioned.

On a slightly different but related topic, the studies into the Placebo Affect are truly amazing.

I'll relate a personal story if I may.

Some weeks ago a friend here in the UK mentioned to me about an unborn child with a very serious cleft palate in America.

X rays showed the boy baby had such a serious and demanding series of operations ahead of him that an abortion may be of consideration.

The parents wanted to give him a chance.

I asked for the boy's name if he had one. They had named him and I'll call him G for privacy.

Myself, my friend and another pal in Colorado started to pray/visualise/believe/expect a miracle. For myself I 'celebrated' ahead of time the delivery of a healed boy.

I was at work and my friend phoned me in tears. I thought perhaps G had died...

No! G was born with NO cleft palate. He has the smallest of cleft lips which is easily treatable. The doctors were somewhat surprised....

I've asked to see a copy of the original x ray. I've seen and heard stuff happen in my life and those around me. This story is one of the most exciting so far.

Building Bridges Between Science and Spirituality

Says it all to me.

Spirituality has no basis in science as it's not based on evidence.

The 2 will come together Ovalman. In truth I don't think they've ever been apart.

In some ways the QP journey of modern science is a journey going back in time exploring ancient traditions that talked about 'this stuff'.

My favourite quote has been misattributed to Carl Sagan but it's very apt.

You can't convince a believer of anything; for their belief is not based on evidence, it's based on a deep seated need to believe.

The phenomenon of changing and outcome by simply observing it knocks my duck off eachtime I read about it.
Its like whatever you believe as the answer to everything, there lies at its foundation a sign that says 'no further'

Science and reason are constantly under attack by those who would enslave us with the shackles of religion and mysticism. They even resort to pseudoscience to try and convince us that they have evidence.
Backster doesn't say how he measured fear in plants or emotional reaction in DNA samples, you are asked to take that as read. Beware of this type of charlatan.

ofc everything seems to be magic until it is reasoned and then it becomes obvious, but right now, the s hit we dont know is so substantial it undermines humanity itself

ferkn hell what did some people do before the internet was invented and they could find each other to validate their own crackpotedness. From your mad left corbyn/SNP-ites to their god botherer oppo's it's all a dismal downturn in global mental health.

...ties in with what he was saying in the programme about the photon of light hitting the tree......very interesting...and again...baffling...

Are Plants Really Using Quantum Entanglement In Photosynthesis?

http://io9.com/5452755/are-plants-really-using-quantum-entanglement-in-photosynthesis

New evidence that plants get their energy using quantum entanglement

http://io9.com/new-evidence-that-plants-get-their-energy-using-quantum-1498695627

...here is Jim at the brilliant TED......so much interesting and thought provoking stuff on so many subjects....

https://www.ted.com/talks/jim_al_khalili_how_quantum_biology_might_explain_life_s_biggest_questions

I`ve read many stories from science sections and many now speak of other dimensions, I can`t go into too much detail as I`m not clever enough. They are on the right track though.

Building Bridges Between Science and Spirituality

Says it all to me.

Spirituality has no basis in science as it's not based on evidence.

There are people (very few) who can take you to other dimensions.

It's difficult to know what dimensions you are talking about, but the extra dimensions of strings, if they exist at all, appear to be incredibly small and wound tightly. Hard to imagine anyone going there.

magic mushroom thread that way ---->

Spiritual, lady I once knew had the ability to take you with her, you may laugh.

Might I advise you, gentlemen, to read To err is human, to float devine by Woody Allen.

I want a patent that uses quantum entanglement for messaging each other, imagine 2 computers with particles entangled with another computer.

messages would be instant, even half way across the universe! no more waiting at the speed of light for a message to be delivered. Waiting for responses from our spacecraft or telescopes deep in space.

dragons den here I come

the concept of your idea is quite possible,because it was the photon that they split in the experiment ,and photons are everywhere and even you are made from them.the problem is they misbehave when observed.So if you observe them they will not do what you want and are likely to disappear and appear elsewhere.
but the fact that they are photons and can perform their harmony when split and disappear and then reappear they prove the theory of einsteins "nothing can travel faster than the speed of light"incorrect.
So be careful with the wording of you description in your patent.

...I'd like to be quantum entangled with Gillian Anderson......and Rosamund Pike.....and Natalie Portman......and Rachel McCadams.....

The photons also pass through you,and the have the ability to pass through themselves.
So the next question when we get a handle on their habits will be "can they escape out of a blackhole,and can the pass through it"

brassneck, Einstein wasn't wrong on nothing travelling quicker than the speed of light. If it did time could go backwards,  which as of yet we have seen no evidence for and which would create serious paradox's.

It may appear that information must travel between the entangled particles, but the information just seems to appear (no time delay whatsoever), information has not travelled it just mysteriously  is there. One of the things that makes the quantum world very strange.

I think what happens is if 2 particles are say entangled with each other.

To exist in the observable universe each particle has a specific plain to exist in, and it cannot share that plain with any other particle. So as soon as you switch the particle to another state, which the entangled particle exists in it immediately flips into the now empty plain that its entangled particle has left.

So if for example a coin is flipped upside down the tails becomes immediately heads as it cannot exist as both heads at the same time.

There is a point where both particles can exist in both plain together or in each of its own plain, but as soon as you observe the particle it is forced to make a decision, it has to be in 1 plain 1 or the other.

If that sort of makes sense?

....so observation is the catalyst to force a particle to decide....

.....but what is the mechanism by which the particle knows it is being observed...and that it is time to decide which plain to be in???

correct egner.

it is time to decide as soon as it is observed, and it is instant, no time delay.

and if I could figure out the mechanism by which the particle knows I would get a nobel prize for it.

Unfortunately im not that clever

....you see this is now interesting me more than ever....

...because if this is true...then it is we who are responsible for the creation of things....or the direction of the creation of things.....because we are the ones observing...and thereby acting as the catalyst for particles to decide which state they become.

...I think Einstein said something about this as well didn't he......

...he was sceptical about the quantum world because he said even if he is not looking at the Moon...he knows it is still there and exists....something like that......

...interesting....intriguing ..and baffling......

...and mastery and understanding of these processes will open up a pandoras box.

brassneck, and the reason photons etc can pass straight through us and matter is because we are all effectively empty space.

The mass of an atom is all in the core of the atom, like a grain of sand in the middle of St Pauls cathedral.

Chances are when passing each other they would just go straight through each other as the centers are very unlikely to collide. (why it is so difficult to try and observe dark matter).

It is elctro magnetic forces (I think) that stops us from being able to walk straight through a wall. Or maybe because there are trillions and trillions of atoms interacting if we did try to walk through a wall  1 of them is bound to collide with the neucleus of an atom in the wall.

All the current theories are inelegant hence they are wrong qed. Much in the same way as the sun and stars going around the earth was wrong but more complicated theories attempted to prove it was correct.

if they ever find the dark matter they will have a bigger problem.where is the anti dark matter.
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
no doubt it is a strange world we live in,but let me put this to you all.
we all know that dark matter is out there in the universe.
we can not see it,we can not feel it,we can not find it,we can not observe it,we do not understand it, in fact we know nothing about it except we know its out there.And we believe its out there and its name is dark matter.and it controls the universe.
if dark matter was also titled" god"by the scientists,there would be blue murder in the science world.
yet god and dark matter seem to have a lot in common when you think about it.
but you never hear anybody saying there is no dark matter.

we can not see it,we can not feel it,we can not find it,we can not observe it,we do not understand it, in fact we know nothing about it except we know its out there.And we believe its out there and its name is dark matter.and it controls the universe.
if dark matter was also titled" god"by the scientists,there would be blue murder in the science world.

We observe an effect, namely that galaxies don't fly apart despite the observable mass of matter being insufficient to hold them together. We postulate a cause, in this case additional matter which we haven't seen yet then go about looking for it. You can call it anything you like but but it's been shown time and time again that the god of the gaps, that is a supernatural explanation for an observation in nature, is a lazy and dishonest approach.

you are mixing up dark energy with dark matter,it is the effect of dark energy that keep the galexies from flying apart,with gravity playing the major roll,i only use the word god as a word to describe dark matter,but Einstein himself and quant.theory both allow for an intelligent force controlling the universe.in fact Albert went even further when saying that "anybody that is serious about studying the workings of the universe will soon discover that without a shadow of doubt there is an intelligent force at play and is controlling,i like to call it a universal god,not the one most people are more accustomed to know about.

..I have no problem with an intelligent force.....

..but a huge problem with a "God" as it is defined by the religious masses on this planet.

I am of the same mind as yourself,the god the religious believe in is suppose to be all loving and forgiving,the god I believe in is dark energy of the cosmos that controls the universe like clockwork but has no feeling about anybody.
sometimes I think our minds are our god.(if you know what I mean)

I`d be very surprised if God wasn`t an Englishman, and middle class.

but surprisingly ,from time to time I think about the religious god and try and search for him but always get a no in my answer.
I think that because there is no god someone sometime decided that there was need to invent a god for some reason,and started the ball rolling.

It surprises me somewhat that we don`t call Gods bluff and say we are not prepared to put up with this farce any longer...and stop breeding.

I suppose the universe had to be the size it is, if we could see past the end of it we would know everything.

While walking today, in suburbia, I turned a corner and saw a Kestrel attacking a Jackdaw, on the pavement beside a large garden hedge. The Jackdaw was quite large and the struggle protracted. Nature is a terrifying and ghastly thing.

can zero exist ie no universe no atoms no energy no light etc if the answer is yes then we and everything else doesnt exist

therefore there is this +1 and -1 in equal parts so they balance out just like the dark matter balances out the known universe or the other way

nothing can be lost the +1 becomes the -1 there is no ZERO the -1 becomes the +1

you may say where does the +1 come from or how has the +1 become -1 the answer is ZERO cannot exist

brassneck you are getting dark matter and dark energy mixed up here.

Dark matter stops the galaxies flying apart, more mass is needed in the galaxies to keep them together. It is Dark matter that give the galaxies the extra gravity needed to keep the galaxies together.

Dark energy is causing the expansion of the universe getting faster and faster.

Einstein was a believer in an intelligent universe, not really a

What if God is the energy that makes up everything?

Science has often tried to exclude 'God' but the more I look at the world the more I see a designer. Just too fantastic to not have or be a Source.

Saw a documentary a while ago abour how a robin navigates. It appears to have a sat nav system in its eye!!

Maybe God is the Captain and the Ship.. (deep I know..)

dark matter has never being observed.
it was found when some crackpot scientist discovered how to weigh a galaxy,they discovered that the galaxy should not be so heavy,so they call the extra weight in a galaxy dark matter,they are not sure what it is yet.Dark energy is an unknown force that is driving the galaxy to an unknown destination  at a faster speed than the universal expansion.(i think).it is also believed that black holes(which they have never seen)is sucking the dark matter to the event horizon of the black holes.
SIMPLY MEANS=Something that has never being observed is being sucked in by something that has never being seen at a point that
they are not sure exists. and most scientists say we just don't know what an event horizon is and we can not prove that they exist

What I would love to know how the feck a guy can weight a galaxy(for the first time) with 2 billion stars and planets and then say,"its over weight,must be carrying a bit of dark matter".

Last but one New Scientist.  The LHC could have found a pentaquark (July - 2 ups, 1 down, 1 charm and 1 anti-charm).  Maybe dark matter is composed of macros - dense agglomerations of very many quarks - as dense as neutron stars since they would have no spaces as in atomic nuclei.  They would be diminutive, massive and extremely hard to spot (wouldn't shine or interact with incoming light (or most emr).  Not food for badgers or foxes.  But they could account for the missing mass in the universe without invoking new imaginary particles.

..if its not food for badgers or foxes then in the universal scheme of things it cant be that important....nope.

but they need to go back to the start first,i maintain there was no big bang,and my reason is = if all was created in that millisecond it had to include Gravity,and if all the gravity in the universe was confined into a tiny pea size shell nothing would escape because the gravity would hold it together.So if gravity was created at a later time all the energy would have being long gone.And don't forget it happened 14 billion years ago and gravity is still holding the universe together,so how the hell did anything get free in the first place.

Actually gravity is by far the weakest of the 4 forces.  Isn't it?  Though don't jump off something if in you're in a gravity well (you are!), space-time speaking.

Gravity is the most powerful force in the universe,(well,these black holes are powerful,but they don't know what is in them but it sounds like gravity if they can find a black hole to look in to one)
So if gravity is the most powerful force,was it asleep at the big bang(which is still a theory)

gravity holds the universe together,thats what the science book says.

..I agree it wasn't a big bang.....more of a release of energy from another universe....perhaps all the accumulated energy that had gathered in a black hole and somehow escaped through a tear in the fabric of time and space caused by the black hole....

..so this starts off the process of a new universe....less big bang....more an escape of energy from one relatively mature universe into the beginnings of s a new one...

..of course this will never explain how the very first universe came into existence.

Basically, they haven't got a Scooby about any of it. They postulate, they theorise, they calculate, they observe. And still it eludes them.

And does any of it really matter anyway? One would have thought that the great minds of the human race would have better things with which to concern themselves than pions and pentaquarks.

Well, weak but long range.  The original explosion of the big bang would have massively overcome it initially.  All energy and no mass?  When energy subsequently converted to mass then it would have started to have influence.

Mass is 'frozen' energy, so to speak.  For all the mass in the present universe to be in that intial infinitely small infinitely hot 'nucleus', energy must have been completely predominant.  Gravity came into existence after the BB.

And another point I would like to make about the edge of the universe,when the big bang occurred the light of it would be out and running before anything else(einsteins ,nothing travels faster then the speed of light))so light would never be caught,so I think that if it was possible to go the the edges of the universe the light from the big bang would still be leading the race of expansion.
So we are in a big bright ball of light if it was possible to observe the universe from outside,yet nobody but myself has worked this out yet.so I will call this Brassnecks theory number 87.remember where you heard it first.

...more important things than finding the true nature of things jed??.....the mechanisms and processes that really make things tick????.....

...the details of how even consciousness itself interacts with the supposed solid and material world in which we operate.....which is actuallt stuff just vibrating at different frequencies

..if I was given a one way ticket and was told I could glimpse 5 seconds of the "truth" I think I may take it......yep.

The universe is about 13.8 billion years old.  I think we've seen back to about 300 million years (?) thanks to Hubble.  Almost all of the earliest galaxies we can see now ceased to exist long ago.  Remember we're in space-time, not just 3D space.  I get pissed off trying to think of the structure of space-time.  I'm a fan of the multiverse.  Eternal life/death for all.  Hell, I just spalled off 10,000 alternate me's typing this.

I have worked out that peace comes from within,a person living on his own can be in good form or he can be in bad form from day to day without interacting with other people,this proves that its what we think is how we see OUR world.BRASSNECK theory number 88

The whole idea of the Big Bang relies on too many unprovable factors, and wild postulations, to have any credence for me. So I'm out.

yes bodil I agree,and I think someone should consider that perhaps rather that a big bang it could have being two universes banging into each other.just like observing bubbles in a bath,and our universe is just one tiny bubble.

And  we could all be heading down the plug hole.

I find the whole idea of baryogenesis, on which the Big Bang Theory depends, to be ludicrous and just made up to explain something which is not only inexplicable, but which fundamentally negates all known ideas of the production of matter and anti-matter.

Neither of the two ways in which this could have occurred have been proven to be more likely than the other, or likely in themselves independent of the other.

Assumptions have been made without scientific evidence, merely to make current theories fit the Standard Model, which itself rejects the notion of dark matter and thus requires further unscientific distortion to explain current theories.

It is essentially a circle of half-truths, and inadequate science.

As someone said before on this thread, it is inelegant because it is wrong.

I think the laws of science allow for anybody to chance their arm and come out with some idea and call it a theory.
than it is only a theory and will remain a theory until someone else proves it incorrect.
if nobody can prove it incorrect it gains respect and is soon expressed as scientific fact.
in other words its up to someone to  prove it wrong rather that the guy who started the idea or opinion to prove it correct.

Yes, it's a bunch of bright people stumbling around in the dark but we're getting there.  Quantum physics/mechanics is alarmingly demonstrable/provable in the bits we can reach. I know much of the rest is counter-intuitive but given a couple of years chit chat is sure to progress the science.  After all, we come up with a couple of dozen unbelieviable conclusions every afternoon.

...all interesting stuff....and mind blowing....

...would love to be alive in a 100 or 200 years to see what has been discovered....

...and if the human race is any closer to understanding the true nature of consciousness and our origins......

...perhaps our originators may even have been in contact to give us a nudge!!!!

brassneck your getting rather confused on this thread and mixing things up.

The galaxies are UNDERWEIGHT from what we can see, so for the galaxies not to tear apart there needs to be more  weight. That is dark matter. Secondly dark matter has been observed to a degree from gravitational  lensing.

also brassneck gravity is known as a weak force (it might have huge impact on the universe and be very important), but it is very weak.

Eg a very small magnet could pick up a metal pin from the floor even say if held 1 inch of the ground. It breaks the gravitational force of the whole planet earth with ease. So the magnetic force is billions of times stronger than the force of gravity.

Also jump in the air, a very small amount of energy again breaks the gravitational pull of the whole earth on you.

Again though maleuk, the standard model does not allow for the existence of dark matter, and it predicts dark energy at levels severely inconsistent with what is actually observable.

they needed something to answer the theory of the big bang and the expansion,had it occurred as they say everything would have gone out in the millisecond it started,so the had a big problem with everything about it.(in other words there was no big bang)
So after careful consideration the world scientists agreed the theory of dark matter as the glue that sticks galaxies together.
if there is  no dark matter  there was no big bang so it was a must to invent something to prove the big bang.(enter dark matter says somebody in the room) to protect the big bang theory.(so they now have to find a higgs boson to prove this)
so they said lets  tell everybody we are 90% certain we have found higgs,that will get everybody of our backs,and give the boys a few years work at cern.
AS from today the 2 nd September 2015 they still have not found the famous god particle.
And its all scientific fillabuster,until they come up with proof.

not right jed, the universe did start approx. 13.8 billion years ago. (wether as a big bang or as someone suggested huge amounts of energy appearing from say another universe via black hole you can argue about)

we know this as the telescopes out there are effectively looking back in time as they see the earliest galaxies in the universe.

As we know the universe is expanding  we also know the expansion is speeding up. (via the dopler shift in light)

as its expanding it therefore must have been smaller yesterday, smaller the day before etc etc, which also means at 1 point it must have been very small indeed, actually going back approx. 13.8 billion years ago.

but you are right jed that there are problems with the standard model.

there is still much to learn, hopefully over the next few years/decades cern might answer a few of them, and a few geniuses like albert Einstein popping along wouldn't go amiss either

brassneck where are you getting all this claptrap from?

"AS from today the 2 nd September 2015 they still have not found the famous god particle.
And its all scientific fillabuster,until they come up with proof. "

Unfortunately for you scientists at cern announced on the 14th march 2013  they had found the higgs boson
(also known as the god particle)

they have a standard model that has 11 out of 12 holes filled.their problem is that the 12 hole is round and square peg higgs will not fit the remaining round hole,try as the might higgs is never going to fit it,so its goodbye higgs,goodbye dark matter,goodbye big bang.
The very foundation of science depends on the boson being found to complete the standard model otherwise everything goes pear shaped and the laws of science will be deemed as not fit for purpose as an exercise.the big bang theory will go out the window,at the same time an event horizon had to be invented to prove all theory involving the working of the universe.
SCIENCE WILL HAVE TO TELL A FEW FIBS TO PROTECT THEIR INDUSTRY.

EVENT HORIZON=A WORD WHICH MEANS NOBODY HAS A CLUE WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE UNIVERSE,OUR THEORIES AND OUR MATHS DONT WORK OUT,AND NOBODY KNOWS WHAT TO DO OR SAY.
But rest assured one thingis certain there is a few mistruths on the way in the world of science.

They say they found the bosun,but it disappeared too quickly to prove it was the particle they were looking for,in fact it appeared three times during the experiment,but we need to service and fine tune our collider to be absolutely certain .this could take about 2 years,but we shall be ready to roll again in 2016 to finally prove the standard model is complete.
we are 97% certain what we observed was the higgs.

The very foundation of science depends on the boson being found to complete the standard model otherwise everything goes pear shaped and the laws of science will be deemed as not fit for purpose as an exercise

I have heard more than one theoretical physicist express in effect that they’d be quite happy if it went ‘pear shaped’. The standard model doesn’t go anywhere, it doesn’t lead to any unification of particle physics and general relativity and without that there can be no understanding of the universe. There can’t be much joy graduating and being put to work just to complete a tired old jigsaw puzzle from the 1960s.

In some ways it is all pretty bleak. The LHC, even though it’s been upgraded, can’t find the partner particles to complement the ones we already know and that would take us forward (in contrast to expectation).

We’ve been at this stage for decades, stuck basically. Unless we start to accept that we simply don’t have the technology to complete the story experimentally people are going to continue to be disappointed for a long time. The only thing to do then is to take the philosophical mathematical models of the universe as they arise (like strings, like other universes) and accept them on faith.

Why isn't there a massive void (13.8 billion years times the speed of expansion)in the middle of the universe?

accept them on faith.

Maybe we could have a high priest telling us which theories are good and which are bad

We already do, they're called the physicists that are still alive (science advances at one funeral at a time).

I watched a program the other night ...says quantum physics totally cr*p and wrong !

if you got cloned(like dolly the sheep was cloned) in this universe,would there be two of you in all the other universes.

Burgess - the expansion is in/between all existing objects.  Including us, barring the 4 forces.  Not just from the centre.

My god, bodil, are you sober?

No.  annie?

annie?

But the expansion between all things in the early universe rather than being blown out from a central point is valid.

Yes, good night

How are you btw?

Apparently my previous reply is not registering.  How are you?

annie, you're alive!!! I can stop wearing black at last, hooray!!

curiouser and curiouser, annie please tell me you have not changed your name to Alice.

Come on annie - update please.  Some (many) of us were fond of you.  A few of the dinosaurs have become extinct.

Sorry, bodil and boxing the fox, in not replying straight away, but I was playing poker.  I am very tired and going to bed.  I hope both of you are fine. Good night

Good to know.

Kenny Rogers got it more or less right for our ambition.

my theory is this carp but possible

zero cant exist so to start with for a nano second you have +1 and -1 trouble is they cant both exist together as they create zero which cant exist

in the nano second together they create a plain and create another +1 and -1 this carries on and on and on until gravity takes effect and slows the process down and therefore

making time for other reactions to take place be that bosons photons atoms whatever

but the initial start must of been very fast perhaps nano seconds before anything of substance slowed the process down

its well known how stars work ie hydrogen the fuel fuses to make helium the star is stable until the hydrogen runs out

then the stars uses the helium then the other elements but when it uses iron it stops as the process is unsustainable because of the maths ie gravity

miniscule that down to the +1 and -1, because its all maths that adds up and +1 and -1 = zero but that cant exist so something else must

duke of puke - you must never return here unless we inivite you - which we will. But go away for a while.

Your science is like a burning penis - impracticable but superficially attractive.

Who the hell are you, Jimmy?