There has never been a vaccine for any coronavirus?

Far higher DEATH Rate for both SARS and MERS - But spread contained much more than COVID-19 - and nowhere near as broadly spread in the Westen World.

Thus - Less urgency, and funding, for GLOBAL vaccine - including Research and Development... as indicated by Countries below ..
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2019 novel coronavirus compared to other major viruses


Ebol

33,5775 Cases -13,562 Deaths - 40%  - 9 Countries - 95% Africa

SARS

8,096  - 774 Deaths  - 10%  - 29 Countries - virtually exclusive to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan Singapore

MERS

2,494 - 848 Deaths - 35% - 28 Countries - virtually exclusive to Middle-east, Saudi Arabia et al

COVID-19

877.442 - 43,537 Deaths - 5% - 180 Countries

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Coronavirus Vacinnes


Broadly speaking, these vaccines group into eight different “platforms”— among them old standbys such as inactivated or weakened whole viruses, genetically engineered proteins, and the newer messenger RNA (mRNA) technology that is the backbone of the Moderna vaccine—and their makers include biotechs, academia, military researchers, and a few major pharmaceutical companies.

On 30 March 2020, Johnson & Johnson (J&J) announced what it said could be a $1 billion COVID-19 vaccine project, with about half the money coming from the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority if milestones are met.

Many viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C, have thwarted vaccine developers. But the new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), doesn’t appear to be a particularly formidable target.
It changes slowly, which means it’s not very good at dodging the immune system, and vaccines against the related coronaviruses[b] that cause SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)[b] have worked in animal models.
Corey heads the United States’s HIV Vaccine Trials Network, which has seen one candidate vaccine after another crash and burn, is optimistic about a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. “I don’t think this is going to be that tough.”

One concern is whether people develop durable immunity to SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial given that vaccines try to mimic a natural infection.
Infections with the four human coronaviruses that typically cause minor colds don’t trigger long-lasting immunity. Then again, researchers have found long-lasting immune responses to the viruses causing SARS and MERS, and genetically they are far more like SARS-CoV-2.

Unlike cold-causing viruses, which stay in the nose and throat, the new coronavirus targets the lower respiratory tract, where the immune response to a pathogen can be stronger, says Mark Slifka, an immunologist who studies vaccines at the Oregon National Primate Research Center.
“When you get an infection in the lungs, you actually get high levels of antibodies and other immune cells from your bloodstream into that space.”

Even with this all-out effort, Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), predicts getting a vaccine to the public “is going to take a year, a year and a half, at least.” And Fauci adds “at least” because side effects, dosing issues, and manufacturing problems can all cause delays.
Already some are calling for an ethically fraught shortcut to speed up clinical trials: giving people candidate vaccines and then intentionally attempting to infect them to see whether they’re protected.

A new vaccine might also be made available to health care workers and others at high risk even before phase III efficacy trials are completed.
Stanley Perlman, a veteran coronavirus researcher at the University of Iowa, suggests a vaccine that only offers limited protection and durability could be good enough—at first.
“In this kind of epidemic setting, as long as you have something that tides us along and prevents a lot of deaths, that may be adequate,” he says.

A better spike

On 13 January, 3 days after Chinese researchers first made public the full RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2, NIAID immunologist Barney Graham sent Moderna an optimized version of a gene that would become the backbone of its vaccine.

Sixty-three days later, the first dose of the vaccine went into Haller and other volunteers participating in the small trial at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.

In 2016, Graham had made a Zika virus vaccine that went from lab bench to the first volunteer in what he then thought was a lightning-fast 190 days. “We beat that record by nearly 130 days,” he says.

Some people will have seen this on social media where a Psychic forecast this in a book 12 years ago..................."In around 2020 a severe pneumonia-like illness will spread throughout the globe, attacking the lungs and the bronchial tubes and resisting all known treatments. Almost more baffling than the illness itself will be the fact that it will suddenly vanish only to return 10 years later....................If only.

ekbalco

fantastic horse